Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 9
This flag was succeeded in 1801 by the present Union Jack, which is made by placing three crosses upon a blue field—St. George’s of England, a red cross; St. Andrew’s of Scotland, a white cross, and St. Patrick’s of Ireland.
Who acts: present Union Jack, George · What happens: succeed, make, place · To what, where: flag, 1801, three crosses, blue field
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (present Union Jack, George), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 flag | det |
| 2 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 succeeded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 succeeded | aux:pass |
| 4 | succeeded | succeed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1801 | case |
| 6 | 1801 | 1801 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 succeeded | obl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 Jack | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Jack | det |
| 9 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Jack | amod |
| 10 | Union | Union | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Jack | compound |
| 11 | Jack | Jack | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 succeeded | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 made | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | aux:pass |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 succeeded | parataxis |
| 16 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 17 placing | mark |
| 17 | placing | place | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 made | advcl |
| 18 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 crosses | nummod |
| 19 | crosses | cross | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 placing | obj |
| 20 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 23 field | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 field | det |
| 22 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 field | amod |
| 23 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 placing | obl |
| 24 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 George | punct |
| 25 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 George | nmod:desc |
| 26 | George | George | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl:agent |
| 27 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 26 George | case |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 England | case |
| 29 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 George | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cross | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 cross | det |
| 32 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 cross | amod |
| 33 | cross | cross | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 George | appos |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 Andrew | punct |
| 35 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Andrew | nmod:desc |
| 36 | Andrew | Andrew | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 George | conj |
| 37 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 36 Andrew | case |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Scotland | case |
| 39 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Andrew | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 cross | punct |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 cross | det |
| 42 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 cross | amod |
| 43 | cross | cross | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 George | conj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 Ireland | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 Ireland | cc |
| 46 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Patrick | nmod:desc |
| 47 | Patrick | Patrick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 Ireland | nmod:poss |
| 48 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 47 Patrick | case |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 Ireland | case |
| 50 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 George | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 succeeded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | succeed | past · passive | the present Union Jack | this flag | 1801 | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | present · passive | George St. of England and Andrew St. of Scotland and a white cross and Patrick St.'s Ireland | which nsubj:pass | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product | ||||
| 3 | place | gerund | George St. of England and Andrew St. of Scotland and a white cross and Patrick St.'s Ireland not said here | three crosses | a blue field | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cross=Theme upon field=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/9/