Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 97
The French smashed calabashes, spiked the guns, poured powder into the harbour, wrote on the walls of the fort that they were “Les Braves” and then withdrew, turning their trouble over to their home government.
Who acts: French smashed calabashes, guns, calabashes, Les Braves, Braves · What happens: spike, pour, write, be, withdraw, turn · To what, where: guns, powder, harbour, walls, Les Braves, trouble
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French smashed calabashes, guns, calabashes, Les Braves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 calabashes | det |
| 2 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 calabashes | amod |
| 3 | smashed | smashed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 calabashes | amod |
| 4 | calabashes | calabash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 spiked | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 calabashes | punct |
| 6 | spiked | spike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 guns | det |
| 8 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 spiked | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 poured | punct |
| 10 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 guns | acl |
| 11 | powder | powder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 poured | obj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 harbour | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 harbour | det |
| 14 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 poured | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 wrote | punct |
| 16 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 spiked | conj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 walls | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 walls | det |
| 19 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 wrote | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 fort | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 fort | det |
| 22 | fort | fort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 walls | nmod |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 withdrew | mark |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 Braves | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 Braves | cop |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 Braves | punct |
| 27 | Les | Les | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Braves | compound |
| 28 | Braves | Brave | PROPN | Number=Plur | 32 withdrew | nsubj |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 Braves | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Braves | cc |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 withdrew | advmod |
| 32 | withdrew | withdraw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 wrote | ccomp |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 turning | punct |
| 34 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 withdrew | advcl |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 trouble | nmod:poss |
| 36 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 turning | obj |
| 37 | over | over | ADV | _ | 34 turning | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 government | case |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 government | nmod:poss |
| 40 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 government | compound |
| 41 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 over | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 spiked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spike | past | the French smashed calabashes | the guns | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pour | participle | the guns not said here | powder | the harbour | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent powder=Theme into harbour=Destination | |||
| 3 | write | past | the French smashed calabashes not said here | the walls of the fort | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | past | calabashes = calabash | Les Braves | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | withdraw | past | Les Braves | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | turn | gerund | Les Braves not said here | Braves's trouble | over property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme | |||
| 7 | trouble | Braves = brave | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/97/