Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui Seeking Immortality, sentence 54
This history was handed down by the generations of our ancestors of ancient times, and we continue to rehearse it to our children, with our incantations and genealogies, and all other matters relating to our race.”
Who acts: generations, we, other matters, our · What happens: hand down, continue, rehearse, relate, race · To what, where: history
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui Seeking Immortality. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (generations, we, other matters, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 history | det |
| 2 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 handed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 handed | aux:pass |
| 4 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 handed | compound:prt |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 generations | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 generations | det |
| 8 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 handed | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 ancestors | case |
| 10 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 generations | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 times | case |
| 13 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 times | amod |
| 14 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ancestors | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 continue | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 continue | cc |
| 17 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 continue | nsubj |
| 18 | continue | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 handed | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 rehearse | mark |
| 20 | rehearse | rehearse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 continue | xcomp |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 rehearse | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 children | case |
| 23 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 children | nmod:poss |
| 24 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 rehearse | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 incantations | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 incantations | case |
| 27 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 incantations | nmod:poss |
| 28 | incantations | incantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 rehearse | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 genealogies | cc |
| 30 | genealogies | genealogy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 incantations | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 matters | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 matters | cc |
| 33 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 matters | det |
| 34 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 matters | amod |
| 35 | matters | matter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 handed | obl |
| 36 | relating | relate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 matters | acl |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 race | case |
| 38 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 race | nmod:poss |
| 39 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 relating | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 matters | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 matters | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand down | past · passive | the generations of our ancestors of ancient times | this history | all other matters obl | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | continue | present | we | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | rehearse | to-infinitive | we not said here | history | to our children; with our incantations and genealogies | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 4 | relate | gerund | all other matters not said here | to our race | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to race=Co-Theme | ||||
| 5 | race | our | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/3/54/