Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 124
He leaped down upon the back of a watchman on the edge of the pit, who had been put there by the guardian to kill any one coming after the water.
Who acts: traveller, guardian, one · What happens: leap down, put, kill, come · To what, where: edge, pit, one
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveller, guardian, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 leaped | nsubj |
| 2 | leaped | leap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 leaped | advmod |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 back | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 back | det |
| 6 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 leaped | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 watchman | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 watchman | det |
| 9 | watchman | watchman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 back | nmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 edge | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 edge | det |
| 12 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 leaped | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 pit | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 pit | det |
| 15 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 edge | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 put | punct |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 put | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 put | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 put | aux:pass |
| 20 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 pit | acl:relcl |
| 21 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 put | advmod |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 guardian | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 guardian | det |
| 24 | guardian | guardian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 put | obl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 kill | mark |
| 26 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 put | advcl |
| 27 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 one | det |
| 28 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 kill | obj |
| 29 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 one | acl |
| 30 | after | after | ADP | _ | 32 water | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 water | det |
| 32 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 coming | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 leaped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap down | past | traveller | the edge of the pit | upon the back of a watchman; down property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon back=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | put | past · perfect · passive | the guardian | the pit | there | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent subject=Goal | |||
| 3 | kill | to-infinitive | the guardian not said here | any one | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 4 | come | gerund | any one not said here | after the water | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/124/