Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 172
In a little while they saw men standing in the boat.
Who acts: waves, men · What happens: see, stand · To what, where: men, little, boat
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (waves, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 little | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 little | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 saw | obl |
| 4 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 6 saw | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 saw | obj |
| 8 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 men | acl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 boat | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 boat | det |
| 11 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 standing | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | waves = wave | men | a little | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | stand | gerund | men not said here | the boat | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in boat=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/172/