Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 38
They were ashamed because he had found their names, and one said to the other, “What can we give him for naming us?”
Who acts: Aukele, god, one, we · What happens: be, find, say, give, name · To what, where: names, other, god, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aukele, god, one, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ashamed | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ashamed | cop |
| 3 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 found | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 found | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | aux |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 ashamed | advcl |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 names | nmod:poss |
| 9 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 said | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 said | cc |
| 12 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 said | nsubj |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ashamed | conj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 other | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 other | det |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 said | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 give | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 give | punct |
| 19 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 22 give | obj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 give | aux |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 give | nsubj |
| 22 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 ashamed | conj |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 give | iobj |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 25 naming | mark |
| 25 | naming | name | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 give | advcl |
| 26 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 naming | obj |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Aukele | ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | past · perfect | god | Aukele's names | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic | ||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | past | one | the other | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to other=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | give in a quote | can | we | god | What obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient what=Theme | |||
| 5 | name in a quote | gerund | we not said here | us | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme | ||||
| 6 | name | Aukele | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/38/