Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 48
Lono saw them and said; “Here is another death day for us.
Who acts: Lono · What happens: see, say, be · To what, where: brothers, death day · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lono), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lono | Lono | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 said | cc |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 day | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Here | punct |
| 8 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 day | advmod |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 day | cop |
| 10 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 day | det |
| 11 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 day | compound |
| 12 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 us | case |
| 14 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 day | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Lono | brothers = brother | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Lono not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | another death day | here | for us | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/48/