Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 81
The chiefess had been a cannibal but at this time stopped eating men.
Who acts: chiefess · What happens: be, stop, eat · To what, where: cannibal, men
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chiefess | det |
| 2 | chiefess | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cannibal | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 cannibal | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 cannibal | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 cannibal | det |
| 6 | cannibal | cannibal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 stopped | cc |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 time | case |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 time | det |
| 10 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stopped | obl |
| 11 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 cannibal | conj |
| 12 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 stopped | xcomp |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 eating | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 cannibal | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past · perfect | the chiefess | a cannibal | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stop | past | the chiefess not said here | time | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | eat | gerund | the chiefess not said here | men | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/81/