Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Water of Life [1], sentence 94
The lightning and the crashing stone were struck by the cloak and rattled into ashes, cracking and breaking, reverberating, sounding like a drum.
What happens: crash, strike, rattle, crack, break, reverberate · To what, where: lightning, ashes
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Water of Life [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 lightning | det |
| 2 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 struck | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 stone | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 stone | det |
| 5 | crashing | crash | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 stone | amod |
| 6 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lightning | conj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 struck | aux:pass |
| 8 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 cloak | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cloak | det |
| 11 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 struck | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 rattled | cc |
| 13 | rattled | rattle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 struck | conj |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 ashes | case |
| 15 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rattled | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 cracking | punct |
| 17 | cracking | crack | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 rattled | advcl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 breaking | cc |
| 19 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 cracking | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 reverberating | punct |
| 21 | reverberating | reverberate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 cracking | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 sounding | punct |
| 23 | sounding | sound | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 reverberating | conj |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 26 drum | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 drum | det |
| 26 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sounding | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crash | gerund | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | strike | past · passive | the lightning and the crashing stone | by the cloak | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | rattle | participle | ashes | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into ash=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | crack | gerund | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | break | gerund | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | reverberate | gerund | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | sound | gerund | like a drum | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/4/94/