Hawaiian Historical Legends, A Viking of the Pacific, sentence 50
When the later sea-rovers came to Hawaii, possibly in the fifth or sixth century, they found the islands already inhabited by people of their own race, and yet apparently without a chief—probably a servant class.
Who acts: sea rovers, rovers, islands · What happens: come, find, inhabit, race · To what, where: Hawaii, islands
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, A Viking of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea rovers, rovers, islands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 came | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 rovers | det |
| 3 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 rovers | advmod |
| 4 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rovers | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 sea | punct |
| 6 | rovers | rover | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 came | nsubj |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 found | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 Hawaii | case |
| 9 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 century | punct |
| 11 | possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 17 century | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 century | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 century | det |
| 14 | fifth | fifth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 century | amod |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 sixth | cc |
| 16 | sixth | sixth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 fifth | conj |
| 17 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 found | nsubj |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 chief | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 islands | det |
| 22 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 found | obj |
| 23 | already | already | ADV | _ | 24 inhabited | advmod |
| 24 | inhabited | inhabit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 islands | acl |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 people | case |
| 26 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 inhabited | obl:agent |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 race | case |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 race | nmod:poss |
| 29 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 race | amod |
| 30 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 people | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 chief | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 chief | cc |
| 33 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 34 apparently | advmod |
| 34 | apparently | apparently | ADV | _ | 37 chief | advmod |
| 35 | without | without | ADP | _ | 37 chief | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 chief | det |
| 37 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 38 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 class | punct |
| 39 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 42 class | advmod |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 class | det |
| 41 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 class | compound |
| 42 | class | class | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 chief | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 37 chief | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the sea rovers | Hawaii | century | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to hawaii=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | find | past | rovers = rover | the islands | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Topic | ||||
| 3 | inhabit | participle | the islands not said here | people of islands's own race obl:agent | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | race | islands = island | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/5/50/