Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 30
In the Hawaiian Islands the point from which the ancient voyages sailed away to visit the other groups of islands of the Pacific was off the western coast of the island of Maui and was called Ke-ala-i-kahiki, The Path to Tahiti.
Who acts: ancient voyages, other groups · What happens: sail away, visit, be, call · To what, where: point, ala i kahiki, Hawaiian Islands · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient voyages, other groups), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 Islands | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Islands | det |
| 3 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Islands | compound |
| 4 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 point | det |
| 6 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Islands | appos |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 which | case |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 sailed | obl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 voyages | det |
| 10 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 voyages | amod |
| 11 | voyages | voyage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 sailed | nsubj |
| 12 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 point | parataxis |
| 13 | away | away | ADV | _ | 12 sailed | advmod |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 visit | mark |
| 15 | visit | visit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 sailed | advcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 groups | det |
| 17 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 groups | amod |
| 18 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 coast | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 islands | case |
| 20 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 groups | nmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Pacific | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Pacific | det |
| 23 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 islands | nmod |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 coast | cop |
| 25 | off | off | ADP | _ | 28 coast | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 coast | det |
| 27 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 coast | amod |
| 28 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 visit | ccomp |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 island | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 island | det |
| 31 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 coast | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Maui | case |
| 33 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 island | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 called | cc |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 called | aux:pass |
| 36 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 sailed | conj |
| 37 | Ke | Ke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 called | xcomp |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 Ke | punct |
| 39 | ala | ala | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 kahiki | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 ala | punct |
| 41 | i | i | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 kahiki | compound |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 kahiki | punct |
| 43 | kahiki | kahiki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 called | xcomp |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 Path | punct |
| 45 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 Path | det |
| 46 | Path | Path | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 kahiki | appos |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 Tahiti | case |
| 48 | Tahiti | Tahiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Path | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 Islands | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail away | past | the ancient voyages | the point | away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from which=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | visit | to-infinitive | the ancient voyages not said here | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the other groups of islands of the Pacific | off the western coast; of the island of Maui | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | call | past · passive | the ancient voyages not said here | ala i kahiki | Ke xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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