Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 39
Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians were similar, but later study has convinced the vast majority of students that this theory is not true.
Who acts: Certain words, later study, students · What happens: be, convince, not be · To what, where: vast majority
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Certain words, later study, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 words | amod |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 similar | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 names | cc |
| 4 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 words | conj |
| 5 | among | among | ADP | _ | 7 Malays | case |
| 6 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 Malays | det |
| 7 | Malays | malay | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 names | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Polynesians | cc |
| 9 | Polynesians | Polynesian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 words | conj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 similar | cop |
| 11 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 convinced | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 convinced | cc |
| 14 | later | late | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 study | amod |
| 15 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 convinced | nsubj |
| 16 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 convinced | aux |
| 17 | convinced | convince | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 similar | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 majority | det |
| 19 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 majority | amod |
| 20 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 convinced | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 students | case |
| 22 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 majority | nmod |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 true | nsubj |
| 24 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 theory | det |
| 25 | theory | theory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 true | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 true | cop |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 true | advmod |
| 28 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 students | acl:relcl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 similar | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Certain words and names among both Malays and Polynesians | similar property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | convince | present · perfect | later study | the vast majority of students | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus majority=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | not is | present | students | this theory nsubj; true property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/39/