Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 57
The idea that Hawa-iki was the home of the ghosts could very easily be derived from the other world beyond the shining wall of the sky into which any one sailing out of sight of land might be forever lost.
Who acts: Hawa iki, one · What happens: be, derive, shine, sail, lose, sight · To what, where: home, idea, other world, sight, one, shining wall
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawa iki, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 idea | det |
| 2 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 derived | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 home | mark |
| 4 | Hawa | Hawa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 iki | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 Hawa | punct |
| 6 | iki | iki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 home | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 home | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 home | det |
| 9 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 idea | acl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 ghosts | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ghosts | det |
| 12 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 home | nmod |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 derived | aux |
| 14 | very | very | ADV | _ | 15 easily | advmod |
| 15 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 17 derived | advmod |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 derived | aux:pass |
| 17 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 world | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 world | det |
| 20 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 world | amod |
| 21 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 derived | obl |
| 22 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 25 wall | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 wall | det |
| 24 | shining | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 wall | amod |
| 25 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 derived | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 sky | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sky | det |
| 28 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 wall | nmod |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 which | case |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 lost | obl |
| 31 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 one | det |
| 32 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | sailing | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 one | acl |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 sight | case |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 sight | case |
| 36 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sailing | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 land | case |
| 38 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sight | nmod |
| 39 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 lost | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 42 lost | aux:pass |
| 41 | forever | forever | ADV | _ | 42 lost | advmod |
| 42 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 wall | acl:relcl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 derived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Hawa iki | the home | of the ghosts | tree rules | |||
| 2 | derive | could · passive | the idea | the other world | beyond the shining wall of the sky; easily property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from world=Material | |||
| 3 | shine | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | sail | gerund | any one not said here | sight of land | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out sight=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | lose | might · passive | any one | the shining wall of the sky | forever property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | sight | land | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/57/