Hawaiian Historical Legends, Legendary Home of the Polynesians, sentence 8
In some places “h” was used, in others “f” and “l” or “r” or “k,” as in the Hawaiian word “aloha”—which in other island groups was “alofa” and “aloofa,” “aroha,” “kaoha,” “akaaroa,” all meaning “friendship.”
Who acts: other island groups, all · What happens: use, be, mean · To what, where: h, places, alofa, friendship
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Legendary Home of the Polynesians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other island groups, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 places | case |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 places | det |
| 3 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 used | obl |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 h | punct |
| 5 | h | H | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 used | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 h | punct |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 used | aux:pass |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 others | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 others | case |
| 11 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 used | obl |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 f | punct |
| 13 | f | f | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 others | conj |
| 14 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 f | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 l | cc |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 l | punct |
| 17 | l | l | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 f | conj |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 l | punct |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 r | cc |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 r | punct |
| 21 | r | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 l | conj |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 r | punct |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 k | cc |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 k | punct |
| 25 | k | k | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 r | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 others | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 others | punct |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 32 word | case |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 word | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 word | det |
| 31 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 word | amod |
| 32 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 used | obl |
| 33 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 aloha | punct |
| 34 | aloha | aloha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 word | appos |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 aloha | punct |
| 36 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 groups | punct |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 groups | nsubj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 groups | case |
| 39 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 groups | amod |
| 40 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 groups | compound |
| 41 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 alofa | nsubj |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 alofa | cop |
| 43 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 alofa | punct |
| 44 | alofa | alofa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 word | appos |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 alofa | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 aloofa | cc |
| 47 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 aloofa | punct |
| 48 | aloofa | aloofa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 alofa | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 50 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 51 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 aroha | punct |
| 52 | aroha | aroha | X | Foreign=Yes | 8 used | parataxis |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 aroha | punct |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 aroha | punct |
| 55 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 kaoha | punct |
| 56 | kaoha | kaoha | X | Foreign=Yes | 52 aroha | conj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 58 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
| 59 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 60 akaaroa | punct |
| 60 | akaaroa | akaaroa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 used | parataxis |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 akaaroa | punct |
| 62 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 60 akaaroa | punct |
| 63 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 64 meaning | nsubj |
| 64 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 used | parataxis |
| 65 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 66 friendship | punct |
| 66 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 meaning | obj |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 66 friendship | punct |
| 68 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 66 friendship | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past · passive | h | some places | in others and f and l or r or k; as the Hawaiian word; akaaroa parataxis | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a in a quote | past | other island groups alofa and aloofa | alofa and aloofa | aloofa conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | gerund | all | friendship | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/6/8/