Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 108
For a time there was no motion, and people saw the champions bending around each other with strained muscles, neither having any advantage, but each apparently exerting all his strength to make the other give way in response to brute strength.
Who acts: motion, people, champions, each, other · What happens: be, see, bend, strain, have, exert · To what, where: champions, each, advantage, strength, other, way
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (motion, people, champions, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 was | obl |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 was | expl |
| 5 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 motion | det |
| 7 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 was | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 saw | cc |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 was | parataxis |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 champions | det |
| 13 | champions | champion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 saw | obj |
| 14 | bending | bend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 champions | acl |
| 15 | around | around | ADP | _ | 16 each | case |
| 16 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 14 bending | obl |
| 17 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 each | fixed |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 muscles | case |
| 19 | strained | strain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 muscles | amod |
| 20 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bending | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 having | punct |
| 22 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 23 having | cc:preconj |
| 23 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 bending | conj |
| 24 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 advantage | det |
| 25 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 having | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 exerting | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 exerting | cc |
| 28 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 exerting | nsubj |
| 29 | apparently | apparently | ADV | _ | 30 exerting | advmod |
| 30 | exerting | exert | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 saw | conj |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 strength | det:predet |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 strength | nmod:poss |
| 33 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 exerting | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 make | mark |
| 35 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 exerting | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 other | det |
| 37 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 make | obj |
| 38 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 make | xcomp |
| 39 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 give | obj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 response | case |
| 41 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 give | obl |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 brute | mark |
| 43 | brute | brute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 response | acl |
| 44 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 brute | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | no motion | there | time | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | see | past | people | the champions | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer champion=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | bend | gerund | the champions not said here | each | with strained muscles | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around each=Location | |||
| 4 | strain | participle | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | have | gerund | the champions not said here | any advantage | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Patient | ||||
| 6 | exert | gerund | each | motion's strength | apparently property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme | |||
| 7 | make | to-infinitive | each not said here | the other | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | give | infinitive | the other not said here | way | response | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | |||
| 9 | brute | to-infinitive | the other not said here | strength | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/108/