Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 112

Doing his very best to prevent betrayal by any loosened grasp in any direction, Opale suddenly swept one foot with terrific force against his antagonist’s leg, at the same time pulling him to one side; but the half second’s unconscious loosening of the muscles preparatory to Opale’s action gave Makima notice, and even as Opale’s foot struck him, he raised the unbalanced chief and whirled him over his head, at the same time by a whirlwind motion preserving his own equilibrium.

Who acts: Opale, same time, unconscious loosening, foot, whirlwind motion, half second · What happens: do, prevent, loosen, sweep, pull, give · To what, where: betrayal, direction, one foot, Opale, one side, Makima notice

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Opale, same time, unconscious loosening, foot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 best	amod
2	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 best	nmod:poss
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 best	advmod
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 prevent	mark
6	prevent	prevent	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 best	csubj
7	betrayal	betrayal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 prevent	obj
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 grasp	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 grasp	det
10	loosened	loosen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 grasp	amod
11	grasp	grasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 prevent	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 direction	case
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	14 direction	det
14	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 prevent	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 swept	punct
16	Opale	Opale	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 swept	nsubj
17	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	18 swept	advmod
18	swept	sweep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 best	conj
19	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 foot	nummod
20	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swept	obj
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 force	case
22	terrific	terrific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 force	amod
23	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swept	obl
24	against	against	ADP	_	28 leg	case
25	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 antagonist	nmod:poss
26	antagonist	antagonist	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 leg	nmod:poss
27	’s	's	PART	_	26 antagonist	case
28	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 force	nmod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 time	punct
30	at	at	ADP	_	33 time	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 time	det
32	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 time	amod
33	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swept	obl
34	pulling	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	33 time	acl
35	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 pulling	obj
36	to	to	ADP	_	38 side	case
37	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	38 side	nummod
38	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 pulling	obl
39	;	;	PUNCT	_	55 gave	punct
40	but	but	CCONJ	_	46 loosening	cc
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 second	det
42	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	43 second	compound
43	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 loosening	nmod:poss
44	’s	's	PART	_	43 second	case
45	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 loosening	amod
46	loosening	loosening	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 gave	nsubj
47	of	of	ADP	_	50 preparatory	case
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 preparatory	det
49	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 preparatory	compound
50	preparatory	preparatory	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 loosening	nmod
51	to	to	ADP	_	54 action	case
52	Opale	Opale	PROPN	Number=Sing	54 action	nmod:poss
53	’s	's	PART	_	52 Opale	case
54	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 preparatory	nmod
55	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 swept	parataxis
56	Makima	Makima	PROPN	Number=Sing	57 notice	compound
57	notice	notice	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 gave	obj
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	65 struck	punct
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	65 struck	cc
60	even	even	ADV	_	64 foot	advmod
61	as	as	ADP	_	64 foot	case
62	Opale	Opale	PROPN	Number=Sing	64 foot	nmod:poss
63	’s	's	PART	_	62 Opale	case
64	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	65 struck	nsubj
65	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 gave	conj
66	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	65 struck	obj
67	,	,	PUNCT	_	69 raised	punct
68	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	69 raised	nsubj
69	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	65 struck	conj
70	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	72 chief	det
71	unbalanced	unbalanced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	72 chief	amod
72	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	69 raised	obj
73	and	and	CCONJ	_	74 whirled	cc
74	whirled	whirl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	69 raised	conj
75	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	74 whirled	obj
76	over	over	ADP	_	78 head	case
77	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	78 head	nmod:poss
78	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	74 whirled	obl
79	,	,	PUNCT	_	83 time	punct
80	at	at	ADP	_	83 time	case
81	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	83 time	det
82	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	83 time	amod
83	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	74 whirled	obl:unmarked
84	by	by	ADP	_	87 motion	case
85	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	87 motion	det
86	whirlwind	whirlwind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	87 motion	amod
87	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	83 time	nmod
88	preserving	preserve	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	87 motion	acl
89	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	91 equilibrium	nmod:poss
90	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	91 equilibrium	amod
91	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN	Number=Sing	88 preserving	obj
92	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 best	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	gerund						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	prevent	to-infinitive		betrayal	any direction		by any loosened grasp	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer betrayal=Theme
3	loosen	participle						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	sweep	past	Opale	one foot		time	with terrific force against antagonist's antagonist's leg; suddenly property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme foot=Trajectory
5	pull	gerund	the same time not said here	Opale	one side			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to side=Destination
6	give	past	the half second's unconscious loosening of the muscles preparatory to Opale's action	Makima notice				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notice=Theme
7	strike	past	Opale's foot	Opale				vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument
8	raise	past	Opale	the unbalanced chief				vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme
9	whirl	past	Opale not said here	Opale	antagonist's head	time		vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Theme over head=Destination
10	preserve	gerund	a whirlwind motion not said here	antagonist's own equilibrium				vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent equilibrium=Beneficiary
12	loosen		the half second	the muscles preparatory to Opale's action				nom loosening «event transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
13	act		Opale					nom action «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 112

The tree

Pragmatics

Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 112