Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 142
The highest honours for surf-riding were, however, given by all to Vai-ta-piha, the inferior chief who had come to the contest with Taunoa.
Who acts: inferior chief · What happens: give, come · To what, where: highest honours, Vai ta piha, contest
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inferior chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 honours | det |
| 2 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 honours | amod |
| 3 | honours | honour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 given | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 riding | case |
| 5 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 riding | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 surf | punct |
| 7 | riding | riding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 honours | nmod |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 given | aux:pass |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 given | punct |
| 10 | however | however | ADV | _ | 12 given | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 however | punct |
| 12 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 all | case |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 given | obl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 piha | case |
| 16 | Vai | Vai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 piha | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 Vai | punct |
| 18 | ta | ta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 piha | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 ta | punct |
| 20 | piha | piha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 given | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 chief | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 chief | det |
| 23 | inferior | inferior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 chief | amod |
| 24 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 piha | appos |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 come | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 come | aux |
| 27 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 chief | acl:relcl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 contest | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 contest | det |
| 30 | contest | contest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 come | obl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 Taunoa | case |
| 32 | Taunoa | Taunoa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 contest | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past · passive | the highest honours for surf riding | Vai ta piha | by all; however property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to piha=Recipient | |||
| 2 | come | past · perfect | the inferior chief | the contest with Taunoa | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to contest=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/142/