Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 150
Leaping to his feet he held the body in his hands, balancing himself and guiding his frail craft until the wave was about to take its final plunge upon the sand, when he dropped off into the water and carried his burden to the massage or lomilomi women, who by skilful kneading of the body soon restored the injured chief to his friends.
Who acts: other, wave, massage, hand · What happens: leap, hold, balance, guide, be, take · To what, where: feet, body, hands, other, frail craft, final plunge
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, wave, massage, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leaping | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 held | csubj |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 feet | case |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 feet | nmod:poss |
| 4 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Leaping | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 held | nsubj |
| 6 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 body | det |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 held | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 hands | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 hands | nmod:poss |
| 11 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 held | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 balancing | punct |
| 13 | balancing | balance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 held | advcl |
| 14 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 13 balancing | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 guiding | cc |
| 16 | guiding | guide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 balancing | conj |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 craft | nmod:poss |
| 18 | frail | frail | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 craft | amod |
| 19 | craft | craft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 guiding | obj |
| 20 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 24 about | mark |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wave | det |
| 22 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 about | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 about | cop |
| 24 | about | about | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 guiding | advcl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 take | mark |
| 26 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 about | xcomp |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 plunge | nmod:poss |
| 28 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 plunge | amod |
| 29 | plunge | plunge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 take | obj |
| 30 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 32 sand | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sand | det |
| 32 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 take | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 dropped | punct |
| 34 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 dropped | advmod |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 dropped | nsubj |
| 36 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 held | parataxis |
| 37 | off | off | ADP | _ | 36 dropped | compound:prt |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 water | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 water | det |
| 40 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 dropped | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 carried | cc |
| 42 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 dropped | conj |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 burden | nmod:poss |
| 44 | burden | burden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 carried | obj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 massage | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 massage | det |
| 47 | massage | massage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 carried | obl |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 50 women | cc |
| 49 | lomilomi | lomilomi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 women | compound |
| 50 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 massage | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 restored | punct |
| 52 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 60 restored | nsubj |
| 53 | by | by | ADP | _ | 55 kneading | case |
| 54 | skilful | skilful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 kneading | amod |
| 55 | kneading | kneading | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 restored | obl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 body | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 body | det |
| 58 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 kneading | nmod |
| 59 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 60 restored | advmod |
| 60 | restored | restore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 massage | acl:relcl |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 chief | det |
| 62 | injured | injured | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 chief | amod |
| 63 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 restored | obj |
| 64 | to | to | ADP | _ | 66 friends | case |
| 65 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 66 friends | nmod:poss |
| 66 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 chief | nmod |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap | gerund | other's feet | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to foot=Destination | |||||
| 2 | hold | past | other | the body | other's hands | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent body=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 3 | balance | gerund | other not said here | other | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location himself=Theme | ||||
| 4 | guide | gerund | other not said here | other's frail craft | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent craft=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the wave | about property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | take | to-infinitive | the wave not said here | hand's final plunge | upon the sand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plunge=Theme | |||
| 7 | drop off | past | other | the water | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | carry | past | other not said here | other's burden | the massage or lomilomi women | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent burden=Theme to massage=Destination | |||
| 9 | restore | past | the massage or lomilomi women | the injured chief | other's friends | by skilful kneading of the body; soon property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent chief=Theme to friend=Recipient | ||
| 10 | craft | other | nom craft «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | plunge | hand | nom plunge «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 12 | burden | other | nom burden «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/150/