Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 157
These were made by taking finely polished hardwood for runners, usually about twelve inches apart.
What happens: make, take, polish · To what, where: These, polished hardwood
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 taking | mark |
| 5 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 made | advcl |
| 6 | finely | finely | ADV | _ | 7 polished | advmod |
| 7 | polished | polish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 hardwood | amod |
| 8 | hardwood | hardwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 taking | obj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 runners | case |
| 10 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 taking | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 inches | punct |
| 12 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 15 inches | advmod |
| 13 | about | about | ADP | _ | 15 inches | case |
| 14 | twelve | twelve | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 inches | nummod |
| 15 | inches | inch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 taking | conj |
| 16 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 15 inches | advmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · passive | These | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 2 | take | gerund | polished hardwood | for runners; twelve inches conj | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent hardwood=Theme for runner=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | polish | participle | finely property | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/157/