Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 164
The slides or paths for the sleds were so well worn that little ridges formed along the sides, sometimes keeping the sled in the path, and just as often catching a runner and causing an overthrow of the rider.
Who acts: slides, little ridges · What happens: be, form, keep, catch, cause, overthrow · To what, where: little ridges, sides, sled, path, runner, overthrow
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slides, little ridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 slides | det |
| 2 | slides | slide | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 ridges | nsubj |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 paths | cc |
| 4 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 slides | conj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 sleds | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sleds | det |
| 7 | sleds | sled | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 slides | nmod |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 ridges | cop |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 well | advmod |
| 10 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 ridges | advmod |
| 11 | worn | worn | ADP | _ | 14 ridges | case |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 ridges | nsubj |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ridges | amod |
| 14 | ridges | ridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 15 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 ridges | acl |
| 16 | along | along | ADP | _ | 18 sides | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 sides | det |
| 18 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 formed | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 keeping | punct |
| 20 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 21 keeping | advmod |
| 21 | keeping | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 ridges | acl |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sled | det |
| 23 | sled | sled | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 keeping | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 path | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 path | det |
| 26 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 keeping | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 catching | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 catching | cc |
| 29 | just | just | ADV | _ | 32 catching | advmod |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 often | advmod |
| 31 | often | often | ADV | _ | 32 catching | advmod |
| 32 | catching | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 ridges | conj |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 runner | det |
| 34 | runner | runner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 catching | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 causing | cc |
| 36 | causing | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 catching | conj |
| 37 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 overthrow | det |
| 38 | overthrow | overthrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 causing | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 rider | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 rider | det |
| 41 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 overthrow | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 ridges | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the slides for the sleds or paths | worn little ridges; that nsubj; well property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | form | participle | little ridges not said here | the sides | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along side=Location | ||||
| 3 | keep | gerund | little ridges not said here | the sled | the path | sometimes property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sled=Theme in path=Location | ||
| 4 | catch | gerund | the slides for the sleds or paths not said here | a runner | often property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme | |||
| 5 | cause | gerund | the slides for the sleds or paths not said here | a overthrow of the rider | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition overthrow=Patient | ||||
| 6 | overthrow | the rider | nom overthrow «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/164/