Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 189
Those who had stood the test of javelin-throwing were formed in line that each one might, without delay, step to the head of the track and roll his disc, pass on and permit another to take his place.
Who acts: test, delay · What happens: stand, throw, form, roll, pass on, permit · To what, where: test, Those, line, disc, head, another
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (test, delay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 formed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | aux |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 Those | acl:relcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 test | det |
| 6 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obj |
| 7 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 10 throwing | mark |
| 8 | javelin | javelin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 throwing | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 javelin | punct |
| 10 | throwing | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 test | acl |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 formed | aux:pass |
| 12 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 line | case |
| 14 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 formed | obl |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 might | mark |
| 16 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 one | det |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 might | nsubj |
| 18 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 formed | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 delay | punct |
| 20 | without | without | ADP | _ | 21 delay | case |
| 21 | delay | delay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 roll | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 step | punct |
| 23 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 delay | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 head | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 head | det |
| 26 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 roll | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 track | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 track | det |
| 29 | track | track | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 head | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 roll | cc |
| 31 | roll | roll | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 formed | parataxis |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 disc | nmod:poss |
| 33 | disc | disc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 roll | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 pass | punct |
| 35 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 31 roll | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 pass | compound:prt |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 permit | cc |
| 38 | permit | permit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 pass | conj |
| 39 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 38 permit | obj |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 take | mark |
| 41 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 permit | xcomp |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 place | nmod:poss |
| 43 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 take | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 formed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past · perfect | the test | who nsubj | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer test=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | throw | gerund | the test not said here | javelin compound | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | form | past · passive | Those | line | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | roll | infinitive | delay and step | stone's disc | the head of the track | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent disc=Theme to head=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | pass on | infinitive | delay and step not said here | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | permit | infinitive | delay and step not said here | another | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer another=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | delay and step not said here | stone's place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/189/