Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 26
Human sacrifices at the launchings of the canoes of chiefs were not at all unusual, but the two young chiefs from the mountains had never before known such wholesale slaughter.
Who acts: Human sacrifices · What happens: not be, know · To what, where: all, two young chiefs
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Human sacrifices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sacrifices | amod |
| 2 | sacrifices | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 unusual | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 launchings | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 launchings | det |
| 5 | launchings | launching | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 sacrifices | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 canoes | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 canoes | det |
| 8 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 launchings | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 chiefs | case |
| 10 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 canoes | nmod |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 unusual | cop |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 unusual | advmod |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 all | case |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 unusual | obl |
| 15 | unusual | unusual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 known | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 known | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 chiefs | det |
| 19 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 chiefs | nummod |
| 20 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 chiefs | amod |
| 21 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 known | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 mountains | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 mountains | det |
| 24 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 chiefs | nmod |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 known | aux |
| 26 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 27 before | advmod |
| 27 | before | before | ADV | _ | 28 known | advmod |
| 28 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 unusual | conj |
| 29 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 slaughter | amod |
| 30 | wholesale | wholesale | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 slaughter | amod |
| 31 | slaughter | slaughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 known | xcomp |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 unusual | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | past | Human sacrifices at the launchings of the canoes of chiefs | all | unusual property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | past · perfect · passive | the two young chiefs from the mountains | never | such wholesale slaughter xcomp; before property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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