Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 70
The chiefs gave themselves up to gambling and rioting until the night was wearied with their excesses and the new day sent the revellers to needed rest wherever any tree or grass house afforded even a little shade.
Who acts: chiefs, new day · What happens: give up, riot, weary, send, need, afford · To what, where: chiefs, gambling, night, revellers, needed rest, tree
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, new day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chiefs | det |
| 2 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 gave | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 gave | compound:prt |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 gambling | case |
| 7 | gambling | gambling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 rioting | cc |
| 9 | rioting | riot | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 gambling | conj |
| 10 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 14 wearied | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 night | det |
| 12 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 wearied | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 wearied | aux:pass |
| 14 | wearied | weary | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 rioting | advcl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 excesses | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 excesses | nmod:poss |
| 17 | excesses | excess | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 wearied | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 sent | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 day | det |
| 20 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 day | amod |
| 21 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sent | nsubj |
| 22 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 wearied | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 revellers | det |
| 24 | revellers | reveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 sent | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 rest | case |
| 26 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 rest | amod |
| 27 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sent | obl |
| 28 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 afforded | advmod |
| 29 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 tree | det |
| 30 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 afforded | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 house | cc |
| 32 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 house | compound |
| 33 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tree | conj |
| 34 | afforded | afford | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 rest | acl:relcl |
| 35 | even | even | ADV | _ | 38 shade | advmod |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 shade | det |
| 37 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 shade | amod |
| 38 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 afforded | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give up | past | the chiefs | chiefs = chief | gambling | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme to gambling=Recipient | |||
| 2 | riot | gerund | the chiefs not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | weary | past · passive | the night | with chiefs's excesses | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | send | past | the new day | the revellers | needed rest | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent reveller=Theme to rest=Destination | |||
| 5 | need | participle | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 6 | afford | participle · passive | any tree or grass house | a little shade obl; wherever property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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