Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 72
They were preceded by a very large war canoe with a prow shaped into a rude resemblance of a shark’s head, with shark’s teeth fastened in the open jaws.
Who acts: teeth · What happens: precede, shape, fasten · To what, where: shadows, prow, rude resemblance, open jaws
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 preceded | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 preceded | aux:pass |
| 3 | preceded | precede | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 canoe | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 canoe | det |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 large | advmod |
| 7 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 canoe | amod |
| 8 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 canoe | compound |
| 9 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 preceded | obl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 prow | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 prow | det |
| 12 | prow | prow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 canoe | nmod |
| 13 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 prow | acl |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 resemblance | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 resemblance | det |
| 16 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 resemblance | amod |
| 17 | resemblance | resemblance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shaped | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 head | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 shark | det |
| 20 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 head | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 shark | case |
| 22 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 resemblance | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 fastened | punct |
| 24 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 28 fastened | mark |
| 25 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 26 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 25 shark | case |
| 27 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 fastened | nsubj |
| 28 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 preceded | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 jaws | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 jaws | det |
| 31 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 jaws | amod |
| 32 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 fastened | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 preceded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | precede | past · passive | shadows = shadow | by a large war canoe with a prow | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | shape | participle | a prow not said here | a rude resemblance of a shark's head | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into resemblance=Product | ||||
| 3 | fasten | past | shark's teeth | the open jaws | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/72/