Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 91
Over a hundred chiefs, throwing aside their cloaks and putting on tall helmets making the average stature about eight feet and, taking slender, thin paddles, ranged themselves before the king in lines, and then passed through a series of gymnastic exercises, gracefully moving the paddles in exact harmony, at the same time changing their positions, passing in and out between one another, sometimes forming squares, circles and semi-circles.
Who acts: throwing, same time · What happens: throw, put, make, take, range, pass · To what, where: cloaks, hundred chiefs, tall helmets, average stature, slender thin paddles, paddles
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (throwing, same time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 4 chiefs | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 hundred | det |
| 3 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 chiefs | nummod |
| 4 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 throwing | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 chiefs | punct |
| 6 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 ranged | csubj:pass |
| 7 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 6 throwing | advmod |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 cloaks | nmod:poss |
| 9 | cloaks | cloak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 throwing | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 putting | cc |
| 11 | putting | put | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 throwing | conj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 helmets | case |
| 13 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 helmets | amod |
| 14 | helmets | helmet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 putting | obl |
| 15 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 putting | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 stature | det |
| 17 | average | average | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 stature | amod |
| 18 | stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 making | obj |
| 19 | about | about | ADP | _ | 21 feet | case |
| 20 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 feet | nummod |
| 21 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 stature | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 taking | cc |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 and | punct |
| 24 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 putting | conj |
| 25 | slender | slender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 paddles | amod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 slender | punct |
| 27 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 paddles | amod |
| 28 | paddles | paddle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 taking | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 ranged | punct |
| 30 | ranged | range | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 31 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 30 ranged | obj |
| 32 | before | before | ADP | _ | 34 king | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 king | det |
| 34 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 ranged | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 lines | case |
| 36 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 king | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 passed | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 passed | cc |
| 39 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 40 passed | advmod |
| 40 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 ranged | parataxis |
| 41 | through | through | ADP | _ | 43 series | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 series | det |
| 43 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 passed | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 exercises | case |
| 45 | gymnastic | gymnastic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 exercises | amod |
| 46 | exercises | exercise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 series | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 moving | punct |
| 48 | gracefully | gracefully | ADV | _ | 49 moving | advmod |
| 49 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 passed | advcl |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 paddles | det |
| 51 | paddles | paddle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 moving | obj |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 harmony | case |
| 53 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 harmony | amod |
| 54 | harmony | harmony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 moving | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 time | punct |
| 56 | at | at | ADP | _ | 59 time | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 time | det |
| 58 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 time | amod |
| 59 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 moving | obl |
| 60 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 59 time | acl |
| 61 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 positions | nmod:poss |
| 62 | positions | position | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 changing | obj |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 passing | punct |
| 64 | passing | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 60 changing | conj |
| 65 | in | in | ADV | _ | 64 passing | advmod |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 out | cc |
| 67 | out | out | ADV | _ | 65 in | conj |
| 68 | between | between | ADP | _ | 69 one | case |
| 69 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 64 passing | obl |
| 70 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 69 one | fixed |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 forming | punct |
| 72 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 73 forming | advmod |
| 73 | forming | form | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 60 changing | conj |
| 74 | squares | square | NOUN | Number=Plur | 73 forming | obj |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 circles | punct |
| 76 | circles | circle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 squares | conj |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 semi-circles | cc |
| 78 | semi-circles | semi-circle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 squares | conj |
| 79 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 ranged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw | gerund | chiefs's cloaks | hundred chiefs | aside property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme over chief=Destination | |||
| 2 | put | gerund | tall helmets | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on helmet=Destination | |||||
| 3 | make | gerund | the average stature | about eight feet | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stature=Product | ||||
| 4 | take | gerund | slender thin paddles | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paddle=Theme | |||||
| 5 | range | participle | throwing | paddles = paddle | before the king in lines | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location themselves=Theme | |||
| 6 | pass | past | a series of gymnastic exercises | then | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through series=Location | ||||
| 7 | move | gerund | the paddles | exact harmony | time | gracefully property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent paddle=Theme | ||
| 8 | change | gerund | the same time not said here | chiefs's positions | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Patient | ||||
| 9 | pass | gerund | the same time not said here | between one | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between one=Location | ||||
| 10 | form | gerund | the same time not said here | squares and circles and semi-circles | sometimes property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location square=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/91/