Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 143
The language of the newcomers was almost identical in meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue.
Who acts: language · What happens: be · To what, where: meaning
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 language | det |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 identical | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 newcomers | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 newcomers | det |
| 5 | newcomers | newcomer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 language | nmod |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 identical | cop |
| 7 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 8 identical | advmod |
| 8 | identical | identical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 meaning | case |
| 10 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 identical | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 pronunciation | cc |
| 12 | pronunciation | pronunciation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 meaning | conj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 tongue | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tongue | det |
| 15 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 tongue | amod |
| 16 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pronunciation | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 identical | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the language of the newcomers | meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue | almost, identical property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/8/143/