Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 51
This was done by hewing boards with stone axes, and sewing them to each other through holes, drilled by bones, using cords of cocoanut fibre for thread.
What happens: do, hew, sew, drill, use · To what, where: This, boards, holes, cords
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 done | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 done | aux:pass |
| 3 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 hewing | mark |
| 5 | hewing | hew | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 done | advcl |
| 6 | boards | board | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hewing | obj |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 axes | case |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 axes | compound |
| 9 | axes | ax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hewing | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sewing | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 sewing | cc |
| 12 | sewing | sew | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 hewing | conj |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 sewing | obj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 each | case |
| 15 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 12 sewing | obl |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 each | fixed |
| 17 | through | through | ADP | _ | 18 holes | case |
| 18 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 sewing | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 drilled | punct |
| 20 | drilled | drill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 holes | acl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 bones | case |
| 22 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 drilled | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 using | punct |
| 24 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 hewing | conj |
| 25 | cords | cord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 using | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 fibre | case |
| 27 | cocoanut | cocoanut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fibre | compound |
| 28 | fibre | fibre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cords | nmod |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 thread | case |
| 30 | thread | thread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 using | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 done | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past · passive | This | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | hew | gerund | boards | with stone axes | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Patient with ax=Instrument | ||||
| 3 | sew | gerund | boards = board | holes | to each | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent they=Patient to each=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | drill | participle | holes not said here | by bones | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | use | gerund | cords of cocoanut fibre | for thread | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent cord=Theme for thread=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/8/51/