Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 81
An astrologer said: “I have heard the pilots from the burning islands talk about the water-gods and one of them claimed that sometimes a strange god had turned their boats from a straight path.”
Who acts: astrologer, burning islands, one · What happens: say, hear, talk, claim, turn · To what, where: pilots, strange god, straight path · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astrologer, burning islands, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 astrologer | det |
| 2 | astrologer | astrologer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 heard | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 heard | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 heard | aux |
| 8 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 said | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 pilots | det |
| 10 | pilots | pilot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 heard | obj |
| 11 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 15 talk | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 islands | det |
| 13 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 islands | compound |
| 14 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 talk | nsubj |
| 15 | talk | talk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 heard | advcl |
| 16 | about | about | ADP | _ | 20 gods | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 gods | det |
| 18 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 gods | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 water | punct |
| 20 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 talk | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 claimed | cc |
| 22 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 claimed | nsubj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 one | nmod |
| 25 | claimed | claim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 talk | conj |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 turned | mark |
| 27 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 30 god | advmod |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 god | det |
| 29 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 god | amod |
| 30 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 turned | aux |
| 32 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 claimed | ccomp |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 boats | nmod:poss |
| 34 | boats | boat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 turned | obj |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 path | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 path | det |
| 37 | straight | straight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 path | amod |
| 38 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 turned | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | a astrologer | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear in a quote | present · perfect | a astrologer = astrologer | the pilots | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pilot=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | talk in a quote | present | the burning islands | about the water gods | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about god=Topic | ||||
| 4 | claim speech: other in a quote | past | one of gods | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | turn in a quote | past · perfect · passive | a strange god | a straight path | gods's boats obj | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: subject=Theme boat=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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