Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Timiskaming Folk-lore., sentence 24
The Rainbow is called wədα′dgwanəbi·sanʻ “forms from the water,” since the phenomenon is believed to be caused by the mist from breakers on some great body of water, just as a rainbow will appear above the spray along the seashore or hanging in the mist above some waterfalls.
Who acts: mist, rainbow · What happens: call, believe, cause, appear, hang · To what, where: Rainbow, phenomenon, breakers, spray, mist · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Timiskaming Folk-lore.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mist, rainbow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Rainbow | det |
| 2 | Rainbow | rainbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | aux:pass |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | wədα | wədα | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | xcomp |
| 6 | ′ | ′ | X | Foreign=Yes | 5 wədα | conj |
| 7 | dgwanəbi | dgwanəbi | X | Foreign=Yes | 6 ′ | flat:foreign |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 9 sanʻ | punct |
| 9 | sanʻ | sanʻ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wədα | appos |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 forms | punct |
| 11 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sanʻ | appos |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 water | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 water | det |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 forms | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 forms | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 sanʻ | punct |
| 17 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 21 believed | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 phenomenon | det |
| 19 | phenomenon | phenomenon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 believed | aux:pass |
| 21 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 called | advcl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 caused | mark |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 caused | aux:pass |
| 24 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 believed | xcomp |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 mist | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 mist | det |
| 27 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 caused | obl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 breakers | case |
| 29 | breakers | breaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 caused | obl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 body | case |
| 31 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 33 body | det |
| 32 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 body | amod |
| 33 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 breakers | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 water | case |
| 35 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 body | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 appear | punct |
| 37 | just | just | ADV | _ | 42 appear | advmod |
| 38 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 42 appear | mark |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 rainbow | det |
| 40 | rainbow | rainbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 appear | nsubj |
| 41 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 appear | aux |
| 42 | appear | appear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 believed | parataxis |
| 43 | above | above | ADP | _ | 45 spray | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 spray | det |
| 45 | spray | spray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 appear | obl |
| 46 | along | along | ADP | _ | 48 seashore | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 seashore | det |
| 48 | seashore | seashore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 appear | obl |
| 49 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 50 hanging | cc |
| 50 | hanging | hang | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 48 seashore | conj |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 mist | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 mist | det |
| 53 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 hanging | obl |
| 54 | above | above | ADP | _ | 56 waterfalls | case |
| 55 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 56 waterfalls | det |
| 56 | waterfalls | waterfall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 mist | nmod |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | present · passive | the Rainbow | wədα xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | believe | present · passive | the phenomenon | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cause | to-infinitive · passive | the mist | breakers on some great body of water | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||
| 4 | appear | future | a rainbow | the spray | along the seashore | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above spray=Location | |||
| 5 | hang | gerund | a rainbow not said here | the mist above some waterfalls | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mist=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/10/24/