Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Timiskaming Folk-lore., sentence 3
He is believed to have commenced as a hunter who became lost in the bush, and lost all his provisions and clothing.
Who acts: creature · What happens: believe, commence, lose, provide · To what, where: creature, hunter, bush, provisions
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Timiskaming Folk-lore.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 believed | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 believed | aux:pass |
| 3 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 commenced | mark |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 commenced | aux |
| 6 | commenced | commence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 believed | xcomp |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 hunter | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 hunter | det |
| 9 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 commenced | obl |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 lost | nsubj |
| 11 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 lost | aux:pass |
| 12 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 hunter | acl:relcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 bush | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bush | det |
| 15 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lost | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 lost | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 lost | cc |
| 18 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 believed | conj |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 provisions | det:predet |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 provisions | nmod:poss |
| 21 | provisions | provision | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lost | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 clothing | cc |
| 23 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 provisions | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present · passive | creature | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | commence | to-infinitive · perfect | as a hunter | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | lose | past · passive | a hunter | the bush | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | lose | past | creature's provisions and clothing | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent provision=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | provide | creature | nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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