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Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6, sentence 58

On his way he came across a kind of cabin of rock, from the top of which smoke was rising and in front of which a number of human skulls hung in the opening.

Who acts: creature, smoke · What happens: come, rise, hang · To what, where: way, human skulls, opening

This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creature, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

casenmod:possoblnsubjcasedetoblcasenmodcasenmodpunctcasedetoblmarkdetnsubjauxaclcccaseconjcasenmoddetnsubjcaseamodnmodaclcasedetoblpunctrootOnADPhisPRONwayNOUNhePRONcameVERBacrossADPaDETkindNOUNofADPcabinNOUNofADProckNOUN,PUNCTfromADPtheDETtopNOUNofSCONJwhichDETsmokeNOUNwasAUXrisingVERBandCCONJinADPfrontNOUNofADPwhichPRONaDETnumberNOUNofADPhumanADJskullsNOUNhungVERBinADPtheDETopeningNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1OnonADP_3 waycase
2hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs3 waynmod:poss
3waywayNOUNNumber=Sing5 cameobl
4hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs5 camensubj
5camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
6acrossacrossADP_8 kindcase
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art8 kinddet
8kindkindNOUNNumber=Sing5 cameobl
9ofofADP_10 cabincase
10cabincabinNOUNNumber=Sing8 kindnmod
11ofofADP_12 rockcase
12rockrockNOUNNumber=Sing10 cabinnmod
13,,PUNCT_16 toppunct
14fromfromADP_16 topcase
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 topdet
16toptopNOUNNumber=Sing5 cameobl
17ofofSCONJ_21 risingmark
18whichwhichDETPronType=Int19 smokedet
19smokesmokeNOUNNumber=Sing21 risingnsubj
20wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 risingaux
21risingriseVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part16 topacl
22andandCCONJ_24 frontcc
23ininADP_24 frontcase
24frontfrontNOUNNumber=Sing21 risingconj
25ofofADP_26 whichcase
26whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel24 frontnmod
27aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art28 numberdet
28numbernumberNOUNNumber=Sing26 whichnsubj
29ofofADP_31 skullscase
30humanhumanADJDegree=Pos31 skullsamod
31skullsskullNOUNNumber=Plur28 numbernmod
32hunghangVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass31 skullsacl
33ininADP_35 openingcase
34thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 openingdet
35openingopeningNOUNNumber=Sing32 hungobl
36..PUNCT_5 camepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1comepastcreaturecreature's wayacross a kind of cabin of rock; from the topvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme across kind=Initial_Location from top=Destination
2risepast · progressivewhich smokefront conjvn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3hangparticiplehuman skulls not said herethe openingvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in opening=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/16/58/