Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6, sentence 58
On his way he came across a kind of cabin of rock, from the top of which smoke was rising and in front of which a number of human skulls hung in the opening.
Who acts: creature, smoke · What happens: come, rise, hang · To what, where: way, human skulls, opening
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (creature, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 way | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 way | nmod:poss |
| 3 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 came | nsubj |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | across | across | ADP | _ | 8 kind | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 kind | det |
| 8 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 cabin | case |
| 10 | cabin | cabin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kind | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 rock | case |
| 12 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cabin | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 top | punct |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 top | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 top | det |
| 16 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 17 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 21 rising | mark |
| 18 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 19 smoke | det |
| 19 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rising | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 rising | aux |
| 21 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 top | acl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 front | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 front | case |
| 24 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rising | conj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 which | case |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 front | nmod |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 number | det |
| 28 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 which | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 skulls | case |
| 30 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 skulls | amod |
| 31 | skulls | skull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 number | nmod |
| 32 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 skulls | acl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 opening | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 opening | det |
| 35 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hung | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | creature | creature's way | across a kind of cabin of rock; from the top | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme across kind=Initial_Location from top=Destination | |||
| 2 | rise | past · progressive | which smoke | front conj | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hang | participle | human skulls not said here | the opening | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in opening=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/16/58/