Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Appendix: Notes on Timagami Folk-lore., sentence 10
He said that the markings on the birch bark were caused by Whisky Jack when he struck the bark, which was once clear, with a balsam bough and then threw a bird at the tree.
Who acts: Bark, Whisky Jack · What happens: say, cause, strike, be, throw · To what, where: markings, bark, bird, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Appendix: Notes on Timagami Folk-lore.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bark, Whisky Jack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 caused | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 markings | det |
| 5 | markings | marking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 bark | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bark | det |
| 8 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bark | compound |
| 9 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 markings | nmod |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 caused | aux:pass |
| 11 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 said | ccomp |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 Jack | case |
| 13 | Whisky | Whisky | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Jack | compound |
| 14 | Jack | Jack | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 caused | obl:agent |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 struck | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 struck | nsubj |
| 17 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 caused | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bark | det |
| 19 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 struck | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 clear | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 clear | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 clear | cop |
| 23 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 24 clear | advmod |
| 24 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 bark | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 bough | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 bough | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 bough | det |
| 28 | balsam | balsam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 bough | compound |
| 29 | bough | bough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 clear | conj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 threw | cc |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 threw | advmod |
| 32 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 struck | conj |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 bird | det |
| 34 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 threw | obj |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 37 tree | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 tree | det |
| 37 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 threw | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Bark | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | cause | past · passive | Whisky Jack | the markings on the birch bark | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | strike | past | Bark | the bark | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | past | the bark | a balsam bough conj; clear, once property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | throw | past | Bark not said here | a bird | the tree | then | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bird=Theme at tree=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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