Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Chapter II., sentence 4
(1) Telling stories in summer 78 (2) Foretelling sex of child to be born 78 (3) How to bring rain 79 (4) Northern Lights 79 (5) Milky Way 79 (6) Rainbow 79 (7) Whippoorwill’s cry 79 (8) Rain omens 79 (9) Killing blue bottle flies 80 (10) Finding a live mole 80 (11) Hiccoughing 80 (12) Children born feet first 80 (13) Cooking squirrels 80 (14) How to bring on a snowstorm 80 (15) An infant warming its hands 80 (16) Red sunset 81 (17) Whirling buzzer 81 (18) Divining what game is to be killed 81 (19) Supernatural creatures:— Pa·g·αk 81 Me·megwe·s·i 82
Who acts: Killing, hands, infant warming · What happens: tell, foretell, bear, bring, kill, fly · To what, where: stories, sex, rain, blue bottle, 80, live mole · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Chapter II.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Killing, hands, infant warming), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 1 | punct |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 Lights | discourse |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 1 | punct |
| 4 | Telling | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 Lights | csubj |
| 5 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 Telling | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 summer | case |
| 7 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Telling | obl |
| 8 | 78 | 78 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 Telling | obj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 2 | punct |
| 10 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 78 | conj |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 78 | punct |
| 12 | Foretelling | foretell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 Lights | compound |
| 13 | sex | sex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Foretelling | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 child | case |
| 15 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sex | nmod |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 born | mark |
| 17 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 born | aux:pass |
| 18 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 bring | advcl |
| 19 | 78 | 78 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 born | xcomp |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 3 | punct |
| 21 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 78 | conj |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 18 born | punct |
| 23 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 bring | advmod |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 bring | mark |
| 25 | bring | bring | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 Foretelling | parataxis |
| 26 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bring | obj |
| 27 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 rain | flat |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 4 | punct |
| 29 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 rain | appos |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 Foretelling | punct |
| 31 | Northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 Lights | amod |
| 32 | Lights | Light | PROPN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 33 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 Lights | flat |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 5 | punct |
| 35 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 Way | flat |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 5 | punct |
| 37 | Milky | milky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Way | amod |
| 38 | Way | Way | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Lights | nmod |
| 39 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 Way | flat |
| 40 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 41 6 | punct |
| 41 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 56 omens | nummod |
| 42 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 41 6 | punct |
| 43 | Rainbow | rainbow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 79 | amod |
| 44 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | nmod |
| 45 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 7 | punct |
| 46 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | conj |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 41 6 | punct |
| 48 | Whippoorwill | Whippoorwill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 6 | appos |
| 49 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 41 6 | case |
| 50 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 6 | nmod:unmarked |
| 51 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | nmod:unmarked |
| 52 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 53 8 | punct |
| 53 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 6 | conj |
| 54 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 41 6 | punct |
| 55 | Rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 omens | compound |
| 56 | omens | omen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 Way | appos |
| 57 | 79 | 79 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 56 omens | flat |
| 58 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 59 9 | punct |
| 59 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 57 79 | conj |
| 60 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 56 omens | punct |
| 61 | Killing | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 64 flies | csubj |
| 62 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 bottle | amod |
| 63 | bottle | bottle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 Killing | obj |
| 64 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 56 omens | parataxis |
| 65 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 64 flies | obj |
| 66 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 67 10 | punct |
| 67 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 65 80 | conj |
| 68 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 67 10 | punct |
| 69 | Finding | find | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 65 80 | advcl |
| 70 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 72 mole | det |
| 71 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 mole | amod |
| 72 | mole | mole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 Finding | obj |
| 73 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 72 mole | flat |
| 74 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 75 11 | punct |
| 75 | 11 | 11 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 72 mole | appos |
| 76 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 75 11 | punct |
| 77 | Hiccoughing | hiccough | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 69 Finding | conj |
| 78 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 82 Children | nummod |
| 79 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 80 12 | punct |
| 80 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 78 80 | conj |
| 81 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 78 80 | punct |
| 82 | Children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 77 Hiccoughing | obj |
| 83 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 84 feet | amod |
| 84 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 82 Children | conj |
| 85 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 86 80 | advmod |
| 86 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 91 squirrels | nummod |
| 87 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 88 13 | punct |
| 88 | 13 | 13 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 86 80 | conj |
| 89 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 88 13 | punct |
| 90 | Cooking | cooking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 squirrels | compound |
| 91 | squirrels | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 77 Hiccoughing | obj |
| 92 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 91 squirrels | appos |
| 93 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 94 14 | punct |
| 94 | 14 | 14 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 92 80 | conj |
| 95 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 77 Hiccoughing | punct |
| 96 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 98 bring | advmod |
| 97 | to | to | PART | _ | 98 bring | mark |
| 98 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 77 Hiccoughing | advcl |
| 99 | on | on | ADP | _ | 101 snowstorm | case |
| 100 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 101 snowstorm | det |
| 101 | snowstorm | snowstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 98 bring | obl |
| 102 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 133 killed | obl |
| 103 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 104 15 | punct |
| 104 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 102 80 | conj |
| 105 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 104 15 | punct |
| 106 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 108 warming | det |
| 107 | infant | infant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 108 warming | amod |
| 108 | warming | warming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 133 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 109 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 110 hands | nmod:poss |
| 110 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 116 sunset | nsubj |
| 111 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 116 sunset | compound |
| 112 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 113 16 | punct |
| 113 | 16 | 16 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 111 80 | conj |
| 114 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 113 16 | punct |
| 115 | Red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 116 sunset | amod |
| 116 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 warming | acl:relcl |
| 117 | 81 | 81 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 116 sunset | flat |
| 118 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 119 17 | punct |
| 119 | 17 | 17 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 116 sunset | appos |
| 120 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 119 17 | punct |
| 121 | Whirling | whirl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 108 warming | acl |
| 122 | buzzer | buzzer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 121 Whirling | obj |
| 123 | 81 | 81 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 122 buzzer | flat |
| 124 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 125 18 | punct |
| 125 | 18 | 18 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 122 buzzer | appos |
| 126 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 125 18 | punct |
| 127 | Divining | divine | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 121 Whirling | conj |
| 128 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 129 game | nsubj |
| 129 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 127 Divining | obj |
| 130 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 133 killed | aux:pass |
| 131 | to | to | PART | _ | 133 killed | mark |
| 132 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 133 killed | aux:pass |
| 133 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 98 bring | conj |
| 134 | 81 | 81 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 139 creatures | nummod |
| 135 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 136 19 | punct |
| 136 | 19 | 19 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 134 81 | nmod:unmarked |
| 137 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 136 19 | punct |
| 138 | Supernatural | supernatural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 139 creatures | amod |
| 139 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 133 killed | obl |
| 140 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 142 Pa | punct |
| 141 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 142 Pa | punct |
| 142 | Pa | Pa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 139 creatures | appos |
| 143 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 144 g | punct |
| 144 | g | G | NOUN | Number=Sing | 142 Pa | conj |
| 145 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 146 αk | punct |
| 146 | αk | αk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 142 Pa | appos |
| 147 | 81 | 81 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 146 αk | flat |
| 148 | Me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 147 81 | iobj |
| 149 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 150 megwe | punct |
| 150 | megwe | megwe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 142 Pa | conj |
| 151 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 133 killed | punct |
| 152 | s | 's | PART | Typo=Yes | 151 · | case |
| 153 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | 32 Lights | discourse |
| 154 | i | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 155 82 | nsubj |
| 155 | 82 | 82 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 Lights | nmod |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | gerund | stories | summer | 78 obj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent story=Recipient 78=Topic | |||
| 2 | foretell | gerund | sex of child | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sex=Theme | |||||
| 3 | bear | to-infinitive · passive | 78 xcomp | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S» | |||||
| 4 | bring | to-infinitive | rain | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme | |||||
| 5 | kill | gerund | blue bottle | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottle=Theme | |||||
| 6 | fly | present | Killing | 80 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location 80=Theme | ||||
| 7 | find | gerund | Killing not said here | a live mole | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mole=Topic | ||||
| 8 | hiccough | gerund | Killing not said here | 80 Children and born feet | 80 Cooking squirrels obj | tree rules | |||
| 9 | bear | participle | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 10 | bring | to-infinitive | Killing not said here | a snowstorm | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on snowstorm=Destination | ||||
| 11 | sunset | warming's hands | a infant warming not said here | 17 appos | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | whirl | gerund | a infant warming not said here | buzzer | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent buzzer=Theme | ||||
| 13 | divine | gerund | a infant warming not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 14 | game | what nsubj | tree rules | ||||||
| 15 | kill | present · passive | a infant warming | 80 obl; 81 Supernatural creatures obl | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 17 | sex | child | nom sex «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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