Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 2, sentence 96
He commenced shovelling away the sand where one of his ducks was, but found the hole empty, and he dug all around in the sand but found they were all taken away.
Who acts: Wiske · What happens: commence, shovell away, be, find, dig, take away · To what, where: sand, hole, holes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wiske), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 commenced | nsubj |
| 2 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | shovelling | shovell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 commenced | xcomp |
| 4 | away | away | ADV | _ | 3 shovelling | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sand | det |
| 6 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shovelling | obl |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 12 was | advmod |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 was | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 ducks | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 ducks | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 one | nmod |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sand | cop |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 found | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 found | cc |
| 15 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 commenced | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hole | det |
| 17 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 found | obj |
| 18 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 found | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dug | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 dug | cc |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 dug | nsubj |
| 22 | dug | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 commenced | parataxis |
| 23 | all | all | ADV | _ | 24 around | advmod |
| 24 | around | around | ADV | _ | 22 dug | advmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 sand | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 sand | det |
| 27 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dug | obl |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 found | cc |
| 29 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dug | conj |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 taken | nsubj |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 taken | aux:pass |
| 32 | all | all | ADV | _ | 33 taken | advmod |
| 33 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 found | ccomp |
| 34 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 taken | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 commenced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commence | past | Wiske | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | shovell away | gerund | Wiske not said here | away property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | the sand | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | find | past | Wiske not said here | the hole | empty property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Topic | |||
| 5 | dig | past | Wiske | the sand | around property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in sand=Location | |||
| 6 | find | past | Wiske not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | take away | past · passive | holes = hole | all, away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/6/96/