Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 3, sentence 98
Then he explained how in the winter time he could dive through an air hole in the ice and swim to where the rushes grew up through the ice, pull down one of the stalks, and put his bill in the opening and get all the air he wanted.
Who acts: Wiske, rushes · What happens: explain, dive, swim, grow up, pull down, put · To what, where: air hole, ice, one, bill, opening, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wiske, rushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 explained | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 explained | nsubj |
| 3 | explained | explain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 dive | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 time | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 time | det |
| 7 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 time | compound |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dive | obl |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 dive | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 dive | aux |
| 11 | dive | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 explained | ccomp |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 15 hole | case |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 hole | det |
| 14 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hole | compound |
| 15 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dive | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 ice | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ice | det |
| 18 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hole | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 swim | cc |
| 20 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 dive | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 where | case |
| 22 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 25 grew | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 rushes | det |
| 24 | rushes | rush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 grew | nsubj |
| 25 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 swim | advcl |
| 26 | up | up | ADP | _ | 25 grew | compound:prt |
| 27 | through | through | ADP | _ | 29 ice | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ice | det |
| 29 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 grew | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 pull | punct |
| 31 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 dive | conj |
| 32 | down | down | ADP | _ | 31 pull | compound:prt |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 pull | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 stalks | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 stalks | det |
| 36 | stalks | stalk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 one | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 put | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 put | cc |
| 39 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 dive | conj |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 bill | nmod:poss |
| 41 | bill | bill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 put | obj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 opening | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 opening | det |
| 44 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 put | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 get | cc |
| 46 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 put | conj |
| 47 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 49 air | det:predet |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 air | det |
| 49 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 get | obj |
| 50 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 wanted | nsubj |
| 51 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 air | acl:relcl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 explained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | explain speech: assert | past | Wiske | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | dive | could | Wiske | a air hole in the ice | time | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hole=Location | |||
| 3 | swim | infinitive | Wiske not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | grow up | past | the rushes | the ice | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through ice=Location | ||||
| 5 | pull down | infinitive | Wiske not said here | one of the stalks | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 6 | put | infinitive | Wiske not said here | Wiske's bill | the opening | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bill=Theme in opening=Destination | |||
| 7 | get | infinitive | Wiske not said here | all air | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer air=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | want | past | Wiske | all air not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot air=Theme | ||||
| 9 | bill | Wiske | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/7/98/