Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 44
In Hawaiian there is a great lack of generic terms, as is the case with all uncultivated languages.
Who acts: great lack · What happens: be, lack · To what, where: Hawaiian, generic terms
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great lack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Hawaiian | case |
| 2 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 is | obl |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 is | expl |
| 4 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 lack | det |
| 6 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 lack | amod |
| 7 | lack | lack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 is | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 terms | case |
| 9 | generic | generic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 terms | amod |
| 10 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lack | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 case | punct |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 case | case |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 case | cop |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 case | det |
| 15 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lack | conj |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 languages | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 languages | det |
| 18 | uncultivated | uncultivated | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 languages | amod |
| 19 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 case | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | a great lack of generic terms and the case | Hawaiian; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hawaiian=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a great lack of generic terms and the case not said here | as the case; with all uncultivated languages | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lack | generic terms | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/1/44/