Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 61
The hill opened beneath her and a flood of lava burst forth and began to pour down into the valley, following and devastating the holua course, and spreading out over the whole plain.
Who acts: hill, flood, lava · What happens: open, burst, begin, pour down, follow, devastate · To what, where: valley, holua course, whole plain
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hill, flood, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hill | det |
| 2 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 opened | nsubj |
| 3 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 5 her | case |
| 5 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 opened | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 burst | cc |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 flood | det |
| 8 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 burst | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 lava | case |
| 10 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 flood | nmod |
| 11 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 opened | conj |
| 12 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 11 burst | advmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 began | cc |
| 14 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 opened | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 pour | mark |
| 16 | pour | pour | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 began | xcomp |
| 17 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 pour | advmod |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 valley | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 valley | det |
| 20 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pour | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 following | punct |
| 22 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 pour | advcl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 devastating | cc |
| 24 | devastating | devastate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 following | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 course | det |
| 26 | holua | holua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 course | compound |
| 27 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 devastating | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 spreading | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 spreading | cc |
| 30 | spreading | spread | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 following | conj |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 spreading | compound:prt |
| 32 | over | over | ADP | _ | 35 plain | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 plain | det |
| 34 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 plain | amod |
| 35 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 spreading | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | the hill | beneath Anger | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath she=Location | ||||
| 2 | burst | present | a flood of lava | forth property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | the hill not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | pour down | to-infinitive | the hill not said here | the valley | down property | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into valley=Location | |||
| 5 | follow | gerund | the hill not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | devastate | gerund | the hill not said here | the holua course | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus course=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | spread out | gerund | the hill not said here | the whole plain | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over plain=Location | ||||
| 8 | flood | lava | nom flood «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/10/61/