Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 66
Kaha-wali leaped from his holua as it came to the foot of the hill, threw off his kihei (cloak), caught his spear, and, calling Ahua to follow, ran toward the sea.
Who acts: Kaha wali · What happens: leap, come, throw off, catch, call, follow · To what, where: Kaha wali, holua, foot, kihei, spear, Ahua · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaha wali), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kaha | Kaha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 wali | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 wali | punct |
| 3 | wali | wali | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 4 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 wali | acl |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 holua | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 holua | nmod:poss |
| 7 | holua | holua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leaped | obl |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 it | case |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 leaped | obl |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 foot | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 foot | det |
| 13 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 hill | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hill | det |
| 16 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 foot | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 threw | punct |
| 18 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 came | parataxis |
| 19 | off | off | ADP | _ | 18 threw | compound:prt |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 kihei | nmod:poss |
| 21 | kihei | kihei | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 threw | obj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 cloak | punct |
| 23 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 kihei | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 cloak | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 caught | punct |
| 26 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 threw | conj |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 spear | nmod:poss |
| 28 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 caught | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 calling | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 calling | cc |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 calling | punct |
| 32 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 came | advcl |
| 33 | Ahua | Ahua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 calling | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 follow | mark |
| 35 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 calling | xcomp |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 ran | punct |
| 37 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 came | conj |
| 38 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 40 sea | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 sea | det |
| 40 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ran | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap | participle | Kaha wali not said here | wali's holua | as holua | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from holua=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | come | past | Kaha wali | the foot of the hill | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to foot=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | throw off | past | wali's kihei | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kihei=Theme | |||||
| 4 | catch | past | wali's spear | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme | |||||
| 5 | call | gerund | Kaha wali not said here | Ahua | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | follow | to-infinitive | Kaha wali not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | run | past | Kaha wali not said here | the sea | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme toward sea=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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