Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 29
Here Kama-puaa looked down upon a fire-dance, wherein Pele and her sisters, wrapped in filmy gowns of bluish haze, swept back and forth over the lake of fire, the pressure of their footfalls marked by hundreds of boiling bubbles rising and bursting under their tread, until the entire surface was a restless sea covered with choppy waves of fire.
Who acts: Kama puaa, boiling bubbles, entire surface, bubbles · What happens: look down, wrap, sweep, mark, rise, burst · To what, where: Pele, filmy gowns, lake, footfalls, tread, restless sea
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kama puaa, boiling bubbles, entire surface, bubbles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 looked | advmod |
| 2 | Kama | Kama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 puaa | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 Kama | punct |
| 4 | puaa | puaa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 looked | nsubj |
| 5 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | down | down | ADV | _ | 5 looked | advmod |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 dance | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 dance | det |
| 9 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dance | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 fire | punct |
| 11 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 looked | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 wrapped | punct |
| 13 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 wrapped | advmod |
| 14 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 wrapped | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 sisters | cc |
| 16 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 17 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 Pele | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 wrapped | punct |
| 19 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 looked | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 gowns | case |
| 21 | filmy | filmy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 gowns | amod |
| 22 | gowns | gown | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 wrapped | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 haze | case |
| 24 | bluish | bluish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 haze | amod |
| 25 | haze | haze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gowns | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 swept | punct |
| 27 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | conj |
| 28 | back | back | ADV | _ | 27 swept | advmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 forth | cc |
| 30 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 28 back | conj |
| 31 | over | over | ADP | _ | 33 lake | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 lake | det |
| 33 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 swept | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 fire | case |
| 35 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lake | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 pressure | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 pressure | det |
| 38 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lake | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 footfalls | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 footfalls | nmod:poss |
| 41 | footfalls | footfall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 pressure | nmod |
| 42 | marked | mark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 footfalls | acl |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 hundreds | case |
| 44 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 marked | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 bubbles | case |
| 46 | boiling | boiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 bubbles | compound |
| 47 | bubbles | bubble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 hundreds | nmod |
| 48 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 bubbles | acl |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 bursting | cc |
| 50 | bursting | burst | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 48 rising | conj |
| 51 | under | under | ADP | _ | 53 tread | case |
| 52 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 tread | nmod:poss |
| 53 | tread | tread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 bursting | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 sea | punct |
| 55 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 62 sea | mark |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 surface | det |
| 57 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 surface | amod |
| 58 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 sea | nsubj |
| 59 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 sea | cop |
| 60 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 62 sea | det |
| 61 | restless | restless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 sea | amod |
| 62 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 swept | parataxis |
| 63 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 sea | acl |
| 64 | with | with | ADP | _ | 66 waves | case |
| 65 | choppy | choppy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 waves | amod |
| 66 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 covered | obl:agent |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 fire | case |
| 68 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 waves | nmod |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look down | past | Kama puaa | here | upon a fire dance; down property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon dance=Theme | |||
| 2 | wrap | participle · passive | Pele and Pele's sisters | filmy gowns of bluish haze | wherein property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in gown=Destination | |||
| 3 | sweep | past | Kama puaa not said here | the lake of fire and the pressure of gowns's footfalls | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over lake=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | mark | participle | gowns's footfalls not said here | by hundreds of boiling bubbles | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by hundred=Destination | ||||
| 5 | rise | gerund | boiling bubbles not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | burst | gerund | boiling bubbles not said here | bubbles's tread | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tread=Location | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | the entire surface | a restless sea | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | cover | participle | a restless sea not said here | choppy waves of fire obl:agent | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | press | gowns's footfalls | nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 10 | tread | bubbles = bubble | nom tread «act intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | wave | fire | nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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