Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 36
They heard the tum-tum-tum of a small hand-gourd drum, they saw a finely formed athletic stranger, who was dancing on the hilltop, gloriously outlined in the splendor of the morning light.
Who acts: sisters, formed athletic stranger · What happens: hear, see, form, dance, outline · To what, where: tum tum tum, formed athletic stranger, hilltop, splendor
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sisters, formed athletic stranger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tum | det |
| 4 | tum | tum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tum | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 tum | punct |
| 6 | tum | tum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tum | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 tum | punct |
| 8 | tum | tum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 drum | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 drum | det |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 drum | amod |
| 12 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gourd | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 hand | punct |
| 14 | gourd | gourd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drum | compound |
| 15 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tum | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 saw | nsubj |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | conj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 stranger | det |
| 20 | finely | finely | ADV | _ | 21 formed | advmod |
| 21 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 stranger | amod |
| 22 | athletic | athletic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 stranger | amod |
| 23 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 saw | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 dancing | punct |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 dancing | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 dancing | aux |
| 27 | dancing | dance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 stranger | acl |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 hilltop | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hilltop | det |
| 30 | hilltop | hilltop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dancing | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 outlined | punct |
| 32 | gloriously | gloriously | ADV | _ | 33 outlined | advmod |
| 33 | outlined | outline | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 hilltop | acl:relcl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 splendor | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 splendor | det |
| 36 | splendor | splendor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 outlined | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 light | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 light | det |
| 39 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 light | compound |
| 40 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 splendor | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | sisters = sister | the tum tum tum of a small gourd drum | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer tum=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | see | past | sisters = sister | a formed athletic stranger | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stranger=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | form | participle | finely property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | dance | past · progressive | a formed athletic stranger | the hilltop | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hilltop=Location | ||||
| 5 | outline speech: other | participle | the hilltop not said here | the splendor of the morning light | gloriously property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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