Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 4
He was a kupua—a being who could appear at will as an animal or man.
Who acts: puaa, kupua · What happens: be · To what, where: kupua
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (puaa, kupua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 kupua | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 kupua | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 kupua | det |
| 4 | kupua | kupua | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 appear | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 appear | det |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 appear | cop |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 appear | nsubj |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 appear | aux |
| 10 | appear | appear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 kupua | conj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 will | case |
| 12 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 appear | advcl |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 animal | case |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 animal | det |
| 15 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 appear | obl |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 man | cc |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 animal | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 kupua | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | puaa | a kupua | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | could · gerund | a kupua | as a animal or man; appear property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/4/