Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 8
There is a curiously marked fish with an angular body and very thick skin, which is said by the Hawaiians to sometimes utter a grunting sound.
Who acts: marked fish · What happens: be, mark, say, utter · To what, where: angular body, grunting sound · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marked fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 fish | det |
| 4 | curiously | curiously | ADV | _ | 5 marked | advmod |
| 5 | marked | mark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 fish | amod |
| 6 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 body | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 body | det |
| 9 | angular | angular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 body | amod |
| 10 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 skin | cc |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 thick | advmod |
| 13 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 skin | amod |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 body | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 said | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | aux:pass |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 body | conj |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 Hawaiians | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Hawaiians | det |
| 21 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 18 said | ccomp |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 utter | mark |
| 23 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 24 utter | advmod |
| 24 | utter | utter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 Hawaiians | acl |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 sound | det |
| 26 | grunting | grunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 sound | compound |
| 27 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 utter | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a marked fish | there | with a angular body and thick skin | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | mark | participle | curiously property | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present · passive | a angular body and thick skin | the Hawaiians ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | utter speech: other | to-infinitive | a grunting sound | sometimes property | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sound=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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