Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 24
Poliahu, the best-known among the maidens of the mountains, loved the eastern cliffs of the great island Hawaii,—the precipices which rise from the raging surf which beats against the coast known now as the Hamakua district.
Who acts: Poliahu, precipices, raging surf · What happens: know, love, rise, rage, beat · To what, where: eastern cliffs, raging surf, coast
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poliahu, precipices, raging surf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poliahu | Poliahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 loved | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 best | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 best | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 1 Poliahu | nmod |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 best | punct |
| 6 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 best | acl |
| 7 | among | among | ADP | _ | 9 maidens | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 maidens | det |
| 9 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 known | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 mountains | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mountains | det |
| 12 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 maidens | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Poliahu | punct |
| 14 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 cliffs | det |
| 16 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 cliffs | amod |
| 17 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 loved | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Hawaii | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 island | det |
| 20 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 island | amod |
| 21 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Hawaii | compound |
| 22 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 cliffs | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 precipices | punct |
| 24 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 precipices | punct |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 precipices | det |
| 26 | precipices | precipice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 loved | obl |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 rise | nsubj |
| 28 | rise | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 precipices | acl:relcl |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 surf | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 surf | det |
| 31 | raging | rage | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 surf | amod |
| 32 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rise | obl |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 beats | nsubj |
| 34 | beats | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 surf | acl:relcl |
| 35 | against | against | ADP | _ | 37 coast | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 coast | det |
| 37 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 beats | obl |
| 38 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 beats | advcl |
| 39 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 known | advmod |
| 40 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 district | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 district | det |
| 42 | Hamakua | Hamakua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 district | compound |
| 43 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 known | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 loved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | participle | among the maidens of the mountains | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | love | past | Poliahu the best | the eastern cliffs of island Hawaii | the precipices obl | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cliff=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | rise | present | the precipices | the raging surf | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from surf=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | rage | gerund | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | beat | present | the raging surf | the coast | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against coast=Location | ||||
| 6 | know | participle | the raging surf not said here | now | as the Hamakua district | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as district=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/12/24/