Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 59
There were sheltered places where gambling reigned, or open glades where boxing and spear-throwing could best be practised, or coasts where the splendid surf made riding the waves on surf-boards a scene of intoxicating delight.
Who acts: gambling, coasts · What happens: shelter, reign, practise, make, ride · To what, where: sheltered places, boxing, waves, surf boards
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gambling, coasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 sheltered | expl |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sheltered | aux:pass |
| 3 | sheltered | shelter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 places | amod |
| 4 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 reigned | obl |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 7 reigned | advmod |
| 6 | gambling | gambling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reigned | nsubj |
| 7 | reigned | reign | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 glades | punct |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 glades | cc |
| 10 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 glades | amod |
| 11 | glades | glade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 reigned | obj |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 21 practised | advmod |
| 13 | boxing | boxing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 practised | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 throwing | cc |
| 15 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 throwing | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 spear | punct |
| 17 | throwing | throwing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 boxing | conj |
| 18 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 practised | aux |
| 19 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 practised | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 practised | aux:pass |
| 21 | practised | practise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 glades | acl:relcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 made | punct |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 made | cc |
| 24 | coasts | coast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 made | nsubj |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 29 made | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 surf | det |
| 27 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 surf | amod |
| 28 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 made | nsubj |
| 29 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 reigned | conj |
| 30 | riding | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 made | xcomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 waves | det |
| 32 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 riding | obj |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 boards | case |
| 34 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 boards | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 surf | punct |
| 36 | boards | board | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 riding | obl |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 scene | det |
| 38 | scene | scene | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 boards | appos |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 delight | case |
| 40 | intoxicating | intoxicating | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 delight | amod |
| 41 | delight | delight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 scene | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 reigned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shelter | past · passive | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V» | |||||
| 2 | reign | past | gambling | sheltered places | open glades obj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | practise | could · passive | boxing and spear throwing | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | make | past | coasts | the splendid surf nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ride | gerund | coasts not said here | the waves | surf boards | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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