Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 86
Out of Mauna Loa, Pele has stepped forth again and again, and has hurled eruptions of mighty force and great extent against the maiden of the snow-mantle, but the natives say that in this battle Pele has been and always will be defeated.
Who acts: natives, mighty force · What happens: step, hurl, say, defeat, erupt · To what, where: Pele, Mauna, eruptions, battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, mighty force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Out | out | ADP | _ | 3 Mauna | case |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 Mauna | case |
| 3 | Mauna | Mauna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 stepped | obl |
| 4 | Loa | Loa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Mauna | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Mauna | punct |
| 6 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 stepped | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 stepped | aux |
| 8 | stepped | step | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 8 stepped | advmod |
| 10 | again | again | ADV | _ | 8 stepped | advmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 again | cc |
| 12 | again | again | ADV | _ | 10 again | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 hurled | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 hurled | cc |
| 15 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 hurled | aux |
| 16 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 stepped | conj |
| 17 | eruptions | eruption | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hurled | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 force | case |
| 19 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 force | amod |
| 20 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 eruptions | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 extent | cc |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 extent | amod |
| 23 | extent | extent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 force | conj |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 26 maiden | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 maiden | det |
| 26 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 extent | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 mantle | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 mantle | det |
| 29 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 mantle | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 snow | punct |
| 31 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 maiden | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 say | punct |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 say | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 natives | det |
| 35 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 say | nsubj |
| 36 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 hurled | parataxis |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 48 defeated | mark |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 battle | case |
| 39 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 battle | det |
| 40 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 defeated | obl |
| 41 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 battle | appos |
| 42 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 defeated | aux |
| 43 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 48 defeated | aux:pass |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 defeated | cc |
| 45 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 48 defeated | advmod |
| 46 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 defeated | aux |
| 47 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 48 defeated | aux:pass |
| 48 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 say | ccomp |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 stepped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | step | present · perfect · passive | Pele | Mauna | again; again | forth property | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||
| 2 | hurl | present · perfect | eruptions of mighty force and great extent against the maiden of the snow mantle | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eruption=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | the natives | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | defeat | present · perfect · passive | this battle | always property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | erupt | mighty force and great extent against the maiden of the snow mantle | nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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