Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele’s Long Sleep, sentence 67
The chiefs urged her to join them in a feast, but she refused, saying she had recently eaten and was satisfied, but she “was hungry for the hula—the voices and the drum.”
Who acts: chiefs, Lohiau · What happens: urge, join, refuse, say, eat, be · To what, where: Lohiau, Pele, feast · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele’s Long Sleep. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, Lohiau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chiefs | det |
| 2 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 urged | nsubj |
| 3 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 urged | iobj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 join | mark |
| 6 | join | join | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 urged | xcomp |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 join | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 feast | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 feast | det |
| 10 | feast | feast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 join | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 refused | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 refused | cc |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 refused | nsubj |
| 14 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 urged | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saying | punct |
| 16 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 refused | advcl |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 eaten | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 eaten | aux |
| 19 | recently | recently | ADV | _ | 20 eaten | advmod |
| 20 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 saying | ccomp |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 satisfied | cc |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 satisfied | cop |
| 23 | satisfied | satisfied | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 eaten | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 hungry | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 hungry | cc |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 hungry | nsubj |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 hungry | punct |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 hungry | cop |
| 29 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 urged | parataxis |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 hula | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 hula | det |
| 32 | hula | hula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 hungry | obl |
| 33 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 voices | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 voices | det |
| 35 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 hula | appos |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 drum | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 drum | det |
| 38 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 voices | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 hungry | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 urged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | urge | past | the chiefs | Lohiau | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | join not said to happen | to-infinitive | the chiefs not said here | Pele | a feast | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||
| 3 | refuse | past | Lohiau | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | Lohiau not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | eat | past · perfect | Lohiau | recently property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | is | past | Lohiau not said here | satisfied property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is in a quote | past | Lohiau | for the hula; hungry property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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