Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 23
Some of the native legends say that Pele had slept near the seashore where she had commenced to build a volcanic home for herself and her sisters, and that while longing for the coming of her lover Lohiau she had dug feverishly, throwing up hills and digging some of the many pit craters which are famous in the district of Puna.
Who acts: Some, Pele, many pit craters · What happens: say, sleep, commence, build, long, come · To what, where: seashore, Pele, volcanic home, hills, some, district · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, Pele, many pit craters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 say | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 legends | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 legends | det |
| 4 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 legends | amod |
| 5 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Some | nmod |
| 6 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 slept | mark |
| 8 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 slept | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 slept | aux |
| 10 | slept | sleep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 say | ccomp |
| 11 | near | near | ADP | _ | 13 seashore | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 seashore | det |
| 13 | seashore | seashore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 slept | obl |
| 14 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 commenced | advmod |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 commenced | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 commenced | aux |
| 17 | commenced | commence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 seashore | acl:relcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 build | mark |
| 19 | build | build | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 commenced | xcomp |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 home | det |
| 21 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 home | amod |
| 22 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 build | obj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 herself | case |
| 24 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 build | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 sisters | cc |
| 26 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 27 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 herself | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 dug | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 dug | cc |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 dug | mark |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 32 longing | mark |
| 32 | longing | long | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 42 dug | advcl |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 Lohiau | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Lohiau | det |
| 35 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 Lohiau | csubj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 lover | case |
| 37 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 lover | nmod:poss |
| 38 | lover | lover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 coming | obl |
| 39 | Lohiau | Lohiau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 longing | obl |
| 40 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 dug | nsubj |
| 41 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 dug | aux |
| 42 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 say | conj |
| 43 | feverishly | feverishly | ADV | _ | 42 dug | advmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 throwing | punct |
| 45 | throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 say | advcl |
| 46 | up | up | ADP | _ | 45 throwing | compound:prt |
| 47 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 throwing | obj |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 digging | cc |
| 49 | digging | dig | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 throwing | conj |
| 50 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 49 digging | obj |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 craters | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 craters | det |
| 53 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 craters | amod |
| 54 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 craters | compound |
| 55 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 some | nmod |
| 56 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 58 famous | nsubj |
| 57 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 famous | cop |
| 58 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 craters | acl:relcl |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 district | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 district | det |
| 61 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 famous | obl |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 Puna | case |
| 63 | Puna | Puna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 district | nmod |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Some of the native legends | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | sleep | past · perfect | Pele | the seashore | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | commence | past · perfect · passive | Pele | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | build | to-infinitive | a volcanic home | for Pele | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent home=Product for herself=Asset | ||||
| 5 | long | gerund | Pele not said here | for the Lohiau | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for lohiau=Theme | ||||
| 6 | come | gerund | of Pele's lover | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme of lover=Initial_Location | |||||
| 7 | dig | past · perfect | Pele | feverishly property | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | throw up | gerund | Some of the native legends not said here | hills | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hill=Theme | ||||
| 9 | dig | gerund | Some of the native legends not said here | some of the many pit craters | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent some=Theme | ||||
| 10 | is | present | the many pit craters | the district of Puna | famous property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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