Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 39
Hiiaka heard the birds and laughed; then she chanted, and her voice rang through all the forest:
Who acts: Hiiaka, voice · What happens: hear, laugh, chant, ring · To what, where: birds, forest
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 birds | det |
| 4 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 heard | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 laughed | cc |
| 6 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | conj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 chanted | punct |
| 8 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 chanted | advmod |
| 9 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 chanted | nsubj |
| 10 | chanted | chant | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 rang | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 rang | cc |
| 13 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 voice | nmod:poss |
| 14 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rang | nsubj |
| 15 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 chanted | advcl |
| 16 | through | through | ADP | _ | 19 forest | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 forest | det:predet |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 forest | det |
| 19 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rang | obl |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Hiiaka | the birds | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | laugh | past | Hiiaka not said here | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | chant | past | Hiiaka | then | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | ring | past | Hiiaka's voice | all forest | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/39/