Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 43
Hiiaka hoped to make Pana-ewa angry by reminding him of seasons of destruction by lava eruptions, which left bald lava spots in the midst of the upland forest.
Who acts: Hiiaka, lava eruptions · What happens: hope, make, remind, leave · To what, where: Pana ewa, fire, bald lava spots, midst
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, lava eruptions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 hoped | nsubj |
| 2 | hoped | hope | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 make | mark |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 hoped | xcomp |
| 5 | Pana | Pana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 ewa | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 Pana | punct |
| 7 | ewa | ewa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 8 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 make | xcomp |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 reminding | mark |
| 10 | reminding | remind | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 make | advcl |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 reminding | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 seasons | case |
| 13 | seasons | season | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 reminding | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 destruction | case |
| 15 | destruction | destruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 seasons | nmod |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 eruptions | case |
| 17 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 eruptions | compound |
| 18 | eruptions | eruption | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 reminding | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 left | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 left | nsubj |
| 21 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 eruptions | acl:relcl |
| 22 | bald | bald | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 spots | amod |
| 23 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 spots | compound |
| 24 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 left | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 midst | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 midst | det |
| 27 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 spots | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 forest | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 forest | det |
| 30 | upland | upland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 forest | compound |
| 31 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 midst | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hoped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hope | past | Hiiaka | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | make not said to happen | to-infinitive | Hiiaka not said here | Pana ewa | angry property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ewa=Product | |||
| 3 | remind speech: other | gerund | Hiiaka not said here | fire | season | by lava eruptions | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||
| 4 | leave | past | lava eruptions | bald lava spots | the midst of the upland forest | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent spot=Theme in midst=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/43/