Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 56
Sometimes she was beaten back, sometimes her arms were so weary that she could scarcely move her skirt, but she hurled it over and over against the storm until she drove it deeper into the forest and gained a little time for rest and renewal of strength.
Who acts: arms, Hiiaka · What happens: beat back, be, move, hurl over, drive, gain · To what, where: Hiiaka, skirt, storm, strength
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arms, Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 4 beaten | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 beaten | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 beaten | aux:pass |
| 4 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | back | back | ADV | _ | 4 beaten | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 weary | punct |
| 7 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 12 weary | advmod |
| 8 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 arms | nmod:poss |
| 9 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 weary | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 weary | cop |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 weary | advmod |
| 12 | weary | weary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 beaten | conj |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 move | mark |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 move | nsubj |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 move | aux |
| 16 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 17 move | advmod |
| 17 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 weary | advcl |
| 18 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 skirt | nmod:poss |
| 19 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 move | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 hurled | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 hurled | cc |
| 22 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hurled | nsubj |
| 23 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 beaten | conj |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hurled | obj |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 hurled | compound:prt |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 over | cc |
| 27 | over | over | ADV | _ | 25 over | conj |
| 28 | against | against | ADP | _ | 30 storm | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 storm | det |
| 30 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hurled | obl |
| 31 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 33 drove | mark |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 drove | nsubj |
| 33 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 hurled | advcl |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 drove | obj |
| 35 | deeper | deep | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 33 drove | advmod |
| 36 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 forest | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 forest | det |
| 38 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 deeper | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 gained | cc |
| 40 | gained | gain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 drove | conj |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 time | det |
| 42 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 time | amod |
| 43 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 gained | obj |
| 44 | for | for | ADP | _ | 45 rest | case |
| 45 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 time | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 renewal | cc |
| 47 | renewal | renewal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 rest | conj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 strength | case |
| 49 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 renewal | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 beaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat back | past · passive | Hiiaka | sometimes property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | Hiiaka's arms | sometimes, weary property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | move | could | Hiiaka | Hiiaka's skirt | scarcely property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skirt=Theme | |||
| 4 | hurl over | past | Hiiaka | skirt | the storm | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme against storm=Destination | |||
| 5 | drive | past | Hiiaka | skirt | deep property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location | |||
| 6 | gain | past | Hiiaka not said here | time | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 7 | renew | strength | nom renewal «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/56/